Anything free style Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Anything free style - Essay Example Taking pictures and video-recording used to be two different jobs but now a digital camera performs a number of functions at the same time. It was quite costly when new but now prices have come down as a number of manufacturers are in the business. So, mostly all families have a digital camera. Purchasing a digital camera is not easy as a wrong decision can result in outdated purchase that has no guarantee of its parts. To save one from this error, one should buy a device which is quite costly than the average market price so that all latest features are there in that digital camera. One should look out for the price, the image resolution, size of the memory card, the LCD display, the interface, and the weight & size of a digital camera while purchasing. One important quality feature of a digital camera is its resolution, which technically is based on the number of pixels. A camera with higher pixels is known as better than lower number of pixels. Before buying a digital camera, it is important to know for what purpose you are buying it. For a big photo, using the zoom function on a small resolution camera will not provide a bigger picture. Zoom function can save money but the quality of picture is not good. It is better to select a better camera with a lesser memory. LCD- display is must to remove unwanted images and perform other functions related with LCD. Other features of digital cameras are creating a slide show, a digital photo album, and presentation on a computer, TV or multimedia projector. You can get images printed without using a computer. One can send images using email via the Internet. This is the most worthy feature of a digital camera. Digital cameras come in the price range of $300 to $9000 but don’t expect many features from a camera of $300. The popular brands selling digital cameras are: Sony, Canon and Nikon. Others include Casio, Fuji, HP, Kodak, Konica, and

Traditional Marriage Essay Example for Free

Traditional Marriage Essay â€Å"In Sacred Rite or Civil Right,† Howard Moody, a Baptist minister, discusses his inner thoughts on the subject of marriage. He explains the tradition of marriage and informs the rights and freedoms of the people along with describing how it all affects people whether they are against it or with it. Most Christians of all denominations believe that a â€Å"traditional marriage† is the union between two people of the opposite sex and only have one significant other. Moody explains, â€Å"Christians feel superior about their ‘tradition’ of marriage, I would remind them that their scriptural basis is not as clear about marriage as we might hope† (353 Moody). He discusses how in the Bible that some important men have more than one wife and some children have different mothers and fathers. Most people forget this or choose not to see it that way. They â€Å"seem to be unaware of the real history of the institution of marriage† (Mataconis). Anti-gay religious groups and anti-gay individuals are people who discriminate gays and lesbians and believe that they should not be given a â€Å"traditional marriage† because they view them as sinful and damned in hell for all eternity. Moody explains that these religious groups and individuals do not realize that their so called â€Å"traditional marriage† isn’t as what it seems to be. In earlier periods of time, such as the 1700s and 1800s, â€Å"Marriage was about property and power rather than mutual attraction. It was a way of forging political alliances, sealing business deals, and expanding the family labor force. For many people, marriage was an unavoidable duty† (Mataconis). As Mataconis states, a â€Å"traditional marriage† was thought of as a legal contract; that a couple who was to be married should be married under certain circumstances, not out of love as people nowadays believe it to be. Freedoms and rights are also huge according to Moody. If freedom of choice means anything to individuals (male or female), it means they have several options. They can be single and celibate without being thought of as strange or psychologically unbalanced†¦ single and sexually active without being labeled loose or immoral†¦ single with [a] child without being thought of as unfit or inadequate† (354 Moody). He believes that if these options were fine with society, the rate of divorce would have never reached as high as nearly 50 percent. He also states the differences of marriage between religion and state. The state sees marriage as a contract between a â€Å"man and woman in order to protect money, property, and children† and religion sees marriage as a spiritual and romantic union between two people (355 Moody). ‘Faith in America’, a group based on religious views, even states, â€Å"Every American citizen has the right and freedom to marry the person they love without regard to race, gender, nationality, religion or any other social category† (FIA). This claims that one’s rights should not be taken away due to any circumstance, whether society views it correct or not. Many people, whether they are for a â€Å"traditional marriage† or not, are either extremely affected by it or just don’t care. Some people just ignore it and don’t bother to say anything while others are constantly bickering about the morality of the matter. Some see same gender marriages as disgraceful, wrong, and incredibly sinful, while others go about their ways and do not give it much attention. Why would we as Americans not want our government and its laws to recognize that same marriage sanctity for gay and lesbian individuals in their pursuit of liberty and happiness? † (FIA). Many see same-sex marriage as a way to gain rights that opposite gender couples have, such as tax breaks, medical insurance, dependency status, retirement benefits, social security benefits and inheritance rights. â€Å"Obviously, the only reason one can discern is that the opponents believe that gay and lesbian people are not worthy of the benefits and spiritual blessings of marriage† (356 Moody). Never the less, whether people agree with it or not, life goes on. In conclusion, everyone has the right to be married to whomever they please, or they should at least be able to live with whoever they want. Though people may see it as immoral, it is a God given right that every person should be able to love whoever they want without discrimination. Is it wrong? That is up to a person’s beliefs, whether society agrees with today’s â€Å"traditional marriage† or not.

N-myristoylation: An Overview

N-myristoylation: An Overview N-myristoylation Protein N-myristoylation is the covalent attachment of myristate, a 14-carbon fatty acid, onto the N-terminal glycine residues of protein substrates. It is transferred co- or post-translationally to a subset of proteins from a thioester form, myristoyl-CoA, catalyzed by N-myristoyl transferases (NMTs). (insert genes expressing nmt1 and nmt2, NMT recognizes a general consensus sequence for myristoylation (Gly-X-X-X-(Ser/Thr/Cys)) containing a N-terminal glycine, 3 other amino acids and a serine, threonine or a cysteine in the fifth position.) While this process is often observed co-translationally on nascent shorter protein substrates, post-translation myristoylation ensues during apoptosis on N-terminal glycine residue exposed after caspase cleavage of protein substrates.1 An increase in proteins hydrophobicity conferred by this modification allows for weak protein-lipid and protein-protein interactions, as well as for membrane targeting and function of proteins involved in signal tr ansduction cascades.2 NMTs served as therapeutic targets owing to their importance for the survival of human pathogens and their association with carcinogenesis.1 To globally profile NMT protein substrates, chemical proteomic approaches have been employed where small tags on fatty acids such as an alkyne (YnMyr) or azide (AzMyr) (Fig. X) were developed to probe myristoylated proteins via metabolic labeling.3,4 This probe was successfully used in a high-confidence profiling of the co-translational myristoylome in human and zebra fish.5 Although YnMyr remains to be the probe of choice owing to its minimal background labeling6, it was demonstrated to label proteins with other known lipid-modifications such as NÃŽÂ µ-myristoyl,7 S-palmitoyl8 and GPI-anchors9-compromising its specificity towards labeling of N-terminal myristoylated proteins. To circumvent the challenge of identifying the true NMT substrates, Tate et al. used an integrated chemical biology approach where selective inhibition of NMT with smal l-molecule inhibitors combined with YnMyr labeling and quantitative proteomics allowed for profiling of more than 30 known and novel protein candidates for N-myristoylation in blood-stage malaria parasite.9 (describe that the presence of inhibitor abolished the labeling of the true substrates, which should not be enriched in control samples) This technology was also applied to globally profile the N-myristoylome of other human pathogens such as in  Leishmania donovani,10 Trypanosoma brucei,11and recently Trypanosoma cruzi.12Theprofiling of a large set of N-myristoylated proteins with diverse cellular functions unravels the significance of this lipid modification in these parasites. Furthermore, this also validates NMT as a viable drug target in attenuating the virulence of these pathogens. Extending the same approach to HeLa cancer cells enabled the identification of more than 100 of both co- and post-translationally modified N-myristoylated proteins, majority of which were identi fied at endogenous levels for the first time.13 Indeed, this robust technique proved to be powerful in discriminating on-target proteins from off-targets in a proteome-wide analysis, resulting in the discovery of novel NMT protein substrates at high confidence. Although promising, the method described where NMT inhibitors were used may not be applicable to more complex systems where cell viability may be compromised, e.g. in the context of viral and bacterial infection. An alternative targeted approach tosimplify data analysis of enriched proteins employs isolating those that bear the N-terminal glycine requirement for N-myristoylation. This enabled the profiling of downregulated host N-myristoylated proteins upon infection with herpes simplex virus (HSV)14, as well as novel fatty-acylated proteins encoded by HSV. This same approach provided a more defined picture of the demyristoylating function of the bacterial effector IpaJ upon host cell invasion of Shigella flexneri, which was determined to contribute to its virulence.15   Palmitoylation Proteins S-palmitoylation is the attachment of a 16-carbon long fatty acid (as palmitate-CoA) to cysteine residues, which was first discovered by radiolabeling of virus-infected cells with [3H]palmitate.16 The formation of the thioester linkage is mediated by a family of protein acyl transferases (PATs) that bear a conserved Asp-His -His-Cys catalytic motif (DHHC-PATs), which can be removed by hydrolysis aided by acyl protein thioesterases (APTs).17 Owing to the reversibility of this modification, S-palmitoylation of proteins was thought to be dynamically regulated ,whereby a subset of proteins are transiently palmitoylated in a certain time point/cellular activity. (insert something) S-palmitoylation has been demonstrated to be an essential mechanism for protein stability, activity, and proper cellular localization.18 Recent advances in identifying palmitoylated proteins revealed not only its key role in regulatory mechanisms but as well as in host invasion and virulence of pathogen s. Large-scale proteomic profiling of S-palmitoylated proteins using metabolic labeling has been heavily dependent on employing the alkyne analogue of palmitic acid, 17-ODYA (Fig. X). This commercially available chemical reporter is suitable for these analyses as it has shown better specificity and has minimal background in labeling proteins that are ought to be acylated by shorter fatty alkyl chains.6 The subsequent click reaction with fluorophore- or biotin-azide then allows for in-gel fluorescence monitoring and biotin-pulldown strategy prior to LC-MS proteomic analysis of labeled proteins, respectively. In these studies, hundreds of palmitoylated proteins were identified with a wide range of functions, highlighting the importance of S-palmitoylation in a plethora of cellular mechanisms and pathways. For instance, the first report on using such strategy applied to mammalian cells identified around 125 candidate S-palmitoylated proteins at high confidence, including G proteins, recept ors and uncharacterized hydrolases.19 Using the same strategy in dendritic immune cells (DC2.4) identified more than 150 predicted S-palmitoylated proteins and revealed that palmitoylation of interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3)20 and Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)21 is essential for their antiviral activity. A more recent study on Cryptococcus neoformans revealed that a single PAT, Pfa4, palmitoylates the fungal proteins required for parasite integrity and virulence-palmitoylating 72 proteins identified in a global-scale approach.22 A more quantitative approach to measure levels of palmitoylated proteins combines metabolic labeling with 17-ODYA and Stable Isotope Labeling with amino acids in Cultured Cells (SILAC). In virus-infected RPE-1 epithelial cells, selective repression was observed for host S-palmitoylated proteins, including interferon signaling regulators and members of the tetraspanin family.14 A novel set of HSV-encoded proteins palmitoylated by the host machinery were selectively and significantly identified, further suggesting that HSV exploits the palmitoylation pathway which contributes to its virulence. As palmitoylation is a reversible process, the dynamic cycling of palmitoylated proteins in mouse T-cell hybridoma cells was investigated using this quantitative approach in combination with a pulse-chase technique.23 Through the use of a serine lipase-inhibitor as the chase, palmitoylated proteins that undergo fast turnovers were distinguished from those that are stably modified. This indicates that a subset of this dynamic palmitoylation event is regulated by serine hydrolases, validating the fundamental regulatory mechanism of depalmitoylation for proteins with rapid turnovers. It is important to note that in this study, only the insoluble protein fractions were analyzed, as the soluble proteins were not amenable to metabolic probe incorporation.19 Given the dynamic nature of palmitoylation, the metabolic labeling strategy would allow labeling of only those that are palmitoylated at the time of probe treatment and were stably modified. An older approach, coined as acyl-biotin exchange (ABE), has the potential to capture the full complement of palmitoylated proteins. In this multistep procedure, the protein lysates are treated with hydroxylamine to selectively cleave the thioester bonds, followed by disulfide capture with thiol-containing biotin analogue, and subsequently enriched through a pulldown technique prior to LC-MS analysis. ABE was first utilized in tandem with semi-quantitative MudPit analysis on profiling the palmitome of Saccharomyces cerivisae.24 The 12 known and 35 new palmitoylated proteins identified presented the first evidence on the diverse specificities of PATs. The ABE method was further employed in profiling the palmitoylome in rat neurons,25 human T cells,26 and recently in poplar tree cells,27 establishi ng its applicability to a wide range of biological systems. Both ABE and metabolic labeling approaches combined with SILAC revealed their large complementarity in profiling S-palmitoylated proteins in Plasmodium falciparum.28 A total of more than 400 palmitoylated proteins were identified where 202 proteins were enriched in both methods. As expected, metabolic labeling identified a lesser number of proteins, reflecting the less complexity in this approach. A pulse-chase labeling using ABE in a quantitative approach with 2-BMP as the parasite PAT inhibitor revealed the identification of a range of stably and dynamically palmitoylated proteins. Indeed, this study demonstrated the importance of palmitoylation in multiple parasite-specific processes, specifically in drug resistance, asexual stage development, host cell invasion, and protein export. Both methods were also employed in investigating the dysregulation of palmitoylation in breast cancer cells by inducing Snail-overexpression- an event correlated with chemoresistance and metastasis.29 Results showed that some proteins were differentially expressed regardless of differential palmitoylation. Thus, Snail-overexpression compromises the dynamic palmitoylation of some proteins that may be involved in pathways that contribute to malignancy. Albeit most proteins are S -palmitoylated in their cysteine residues, others were reported to be O-palmitoylated30 and N-palmitoylated17, which are also labeled by 17-ODYA. To distinguish S-palmitoylated proteins from these other forms in Toxoplasma gondii, a method similar to ABE was employed which also takes advantage of the labilityof thioester bonds to hydrolysis.31 In this approach, the metabolic incorporation of 17-ODYA and enrichment is followed by hydroxylamine cleavage to profile S-palmitoylated proteins. This confirmed 282 hydroxylamine-sensitive proteins from 501 putative palmitoylated proteins enriched from the initial 17-ODYA labeling. This also revealed and validated that palmitoylation of AMA1, a protein essential for host-cell invasion, is not required on invasion but increases microneme secretion. Taken together, these studies presented underscore the utility of large-scale S-palmitome profiling in understanding the biological importance of this lipid modification. Applying these techniques to future palmitome analysis would further discover potentially novel protein functions and cellular mechanisms across different biological systems. Wright, M. H., Heal, W. P., Mann, D. J. Tate, E. W. Protein myristoylation in health and disease. J. Chem. Biol. 3, 19-35 (2010). Farazi, T. A., Waksman, G. Gordon, J. I. The Biology and Enzymology of ProteinN-Myristoylation . J. Biol. Chem. 276 , 39501-39504 (2001). Heal, W. P., Wickramasinghe, S. R., Leatherbarrow, R. J. Tate, E. W. N-Myristoyl transferase-mediated protein labellingin vivo. Org. Biomol. Chem. 6, 2308-2315 (2008). Heal, W. P., Wright, M. H., Thinon, E. Tate, E. W. Multifunctional protein labeling via enzymatic N-terminal tagging and elaboration by click chemistry. Nat. Protoc. 7,105-117 (2012). Broncel, M. et al. Myristoylation profiling in human cells and zebrafish. Data Br. 4, 379-383 (2015). Charron, G. et al. Robust Fluorescent Detection of Protein Fatty-Acylation with Chemical Reporters. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131, 4967-4975 (2009). Liu, Z. et al. Integrative Chemical Biology Approaches for Identification and Characterization of Erasers for Fatty-Acid-Acylated Lysine Residues within Proteins. Angew. Chemie Int. Ed. 54, 1149-1152 (2015). Wilson, J. P., Raghavan, A. S., Yang, Y.-Y., Charron, G. Hang, H. C. Proteomic Analysis of Fatty-acylated Proteins in Mammalian Cells with Chemical Reporters Reveals S-Acylation of Histone H3 Variants. Mol. Cell. Proteomics 10, M110.001198 (2011). Wright, M. H. et al. Validation of N-myristoyltransferase as an antimalarial drug target using an integrated chemical biology approach. Nat Chem 6, 112-121 (2014). Wright, M. H. et al. Global Analysis of Protein N-Myristoylation and Exploration of N-Myristoyltransferase as a Drug Target in the Neglected Human Pathogen Leishmania donovani. Chem. Biol. 22, 342-354 (2015). Wright, M. H., Paape, D., Price, H. P., Smith, D. F. Tate, E. W. Global Profiling and Inhibition of Protein Lipidation in Vector and Host Stages of the Sleeping Sickness Parasite Trypanosoma brucei. ACS Infect. Dis. 2, 427-441 (2016). Roberts, A. J. Fairlamb, A. H. The N-myristoylome of Trypanosoma cruzi. Sci. Rep. 6,31078 (2016). Thinon, E. et al. Global profiling of co- and post-translationally N-myristoylated proteomes in human cells. Nat Commun 5, (2014). Serwa, R. A., Abaitua, F., Krause, E., Tate, E. W. OHare, P. Systems Analysis of Protein Fatty Acylation in Herpes Simplex Virus-Infected Cells Using Chemical Proteomics. Chem. Biol. 22, 1008-1017 (2015). Burnaevskiy, N., Peng, T., Reddick, L. E., Hang, H. C. Alto, N. M. Myristoylome profiling reveals a concerted mechanism of ARF GTPase deacylation by the bacterial protease IpaJ. Mol. Cell 58, 110-122 (2015). Schmidt, M. F. G. Schlesinger, M. J. Fatty acid binding to vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein: a new type of post-translational modification of the viral glycoprotein. Cell 17, 813-819 (1979). Linder, M. E. Deschenes, R. J. Palmitoylation: policing protein stability and traffic. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 8, 74-84 (2007). Smotrys, J. E. Linder, M. E. Palmitoylation of Intracellular Signaling Proteins: Regulation and Function. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 73, 559-587 (2004). Martin, B. R. Cravatt, B. F. Large-scale profiling of protein palmitoylation in mammalian cells. Nat Meth 6, 135-138 (2009). Yount, J. S. et al. Palmitoylome profiling reveals S-palmitoylation-dependent antiviral activity of IFITM3. Nat Chem Biol 6, 610-614 (2010). Chesarino, N. M. et al. Chemoproteomics reveals Toll-like receptor fatty acylation. BMC Biol. 12,91 (2014). Santiago-Tirado, F. H., Peng, T., Yang, M., Hang, H. C. Doering, T. L. A Single Protein S-acyl Transferase Acts through Diverse Substrates to Determine Cryptococcal Morphology, Stress Tolerance, and Pathogenic Outcome. PLoS Pathog. 11,e1004908 (2015). Martin, B. R., Wang, C., Adibekian, A., Tully, S. E. Cravatt, B. F. Global profiling of dynamic protein palmitoylation. Nat Meth 9, 84-89 (2012). Roth, A. F. et al. Global Analysis of Protein Palmitoylation in Yeast. Cell 125, 1003- 1013 (2006). Kang, R. et al. Neural palmitoyl-proteomics reveals dynamic synaptic palmitoylation. Nature 456, 904-909 (2008). Morrison, E. et al. Quantitative analysis of the human T cell palmitome. Sci. Rep. 5, 11598 (2015). Srivastava, V., Weber, J. R., Malm, E., Fouke, B. W. Bulone, V. Proteomic Analysis of a Poplar Cell Suspension Culture Suggests a Major Role of Protein S-Acylation in Diverse Cellular Processes. Front. Plant Sci. 7, 477 (2016). Jones, M. L., Collins, M. O., Goulding, D., Choudhary, J. S. Rayner, J. C. Analysis of Protein Palmitoylation Reveals a Pervasive Role in Plasmodium Development and Pathogenesis. Cell Host Microbe 12, 246-258 (2012). Hernandez, J. L. et al. Correlated S-palmitoylation profiling of Snail-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Mol. Biosyst. 12, 1799-1808 (2016). Zou, C. et al. Acyl-CoA:Lysophosphatidylcholine Acyltransferase I (Lpcat1) Catalyzes Histone Protein O-Palmitoylation to Regulate mRNA Synthesis. J. Biol. Chem. 286 ,28019-28025 (2011). Foe, I. T. et al. Global analysis of palmitoylated proteins in Toxoplasma gondii. Cell Host Microbe 18,501-511 (2015).

Media Bias and Concentration Essay -- Politics Political Television TV

Media Bias and Concentration After witnessing a hotly contested election and the massive amounts of campaigning done by both parties in effort to inform the public and reach as many voters as possible, one question still remains poignant: Where do we get our information? The myriad landscape that is the media today, can be accessed from almost anywhere, and has, in many ways, entrenched itself in American culture, replacing what used to be standard outlets of information. Television and print news have long dominated the average American household in terms of being used to access information, but new outlets, like the internet and film have grown into major ways in which people learn about what is happening in the world. The emergence of so many varied sources of information, however, and the ever-growing accessibility of unchecked information raises a different question; not so much the source of our information but rather, what is the quality of the information we are getting? Mass media has long had an influe nce on society and an in depth look at its most popular forms today would most definitely reveal several glaring inequities in the way TV networks, print media, and internet websites communicate information. Many media sources are slanted, one way or another, in their views and coverage of people and events. Everette Dennis once stated that objectivity is what sets apart American mass media from the rest of the world and is one of the most important precepts of American journalism (103). In present times, however, media that provides completely impartial analysis of the facts is either hard to find, or deemed incredible. The fact of the matter is that in a large portion of mass media outlets what is best described as obj... ...lt;http://www.consortiumnews.com/2002/111302a.html>. Population Explosion InternetNews. 2 Dec. 2004 . Posters from WWII. San Jose State University. 2 Dec. 2004 . Sinclair Broadcast Group refuses to broadcast Nightline episode on fallen soldiers. Center for Media & Democracy. 1 Dec. 2004 . Taylor, Philip M. Munitions of the mind. New York City: Manchester UP, 2003. 315-318. The Big Ten. The Nation. 2 Dec. 2004 . Top News Sites. American Press Institute. 21 Nov. 2004 . Why Not? Personal Computer Services. 2 Dec. 2004 .

Valentines Day Party Ideas

Valentine Dance Party Ideas for Teens Ads by Google korean used cars for sale korean bus, truck, new & used cars korean used car exporter   www. roadmatecar. com The DDOS Specialist Identify and block DDOS attacks automatically and in real time. www. riorey. com Looking for Angelica? Find Family & Friends on Facebook. Create a Free Profile – It's Easy! Facebook. com/Angelica Ideas for a great Valentine's Day dance or party for teenagers, including themes, party favors, Valentine decor, food, & activities for your special event.By Janienne Jennrich on Jan 20, 2011 Share Login to post a comment Looking for ideas for a a teen or high school Valentine's Day dance or party? Valentine's Day is February 14. What a terrific time for a special indoor event to celebrate friendship and love! Whether you are interested in planning a large semi-formal or formal dance or a more intimate teen event, there are many ways to create a unique atmosphere with Valentine's Day theme suggestions al ong with decorating, food, and activity ideas. Should the Teen Event Have a Theme?A large event will often have a theme to pull together all the decorating, activities and so on. Having an overall color scheme and style, at least, can help bring plans into focus. For smaller casual parties at home, simply announcing the event date and providing good food and music may be plenty. The most obvious and simple Valentine decor theme is, of course, hearts. A heart-filled party or dance room is easy to create on the cheap, using paper or foam board decorations (and maybe lots of red glitter) and some red, pink and white balloons.Valentine party goods are readily available at party shops, online, and even at dollar stores. Hearts are sweet and simple, but you may be looking for something more unique. A Royalty Themed Valentine Event for Teenagers Prince William and his bride were married in a royal wedding in 2011. For an over the top and epic party, pull out all the stops and make attendee s feel like royalty! Invite princes and princesses to wear their finest to a Royal Valentine Ball. A little corny? Maybe. But if you can't have some fairy tale fun around Valentine's Day, when can you?Invitations rolled up like royal scrolls and tied with ribbon are charming for hand-delivering to friends. For a large school or community event, a scroll design can be included as a border on printed fliers or posters. Add calligraphy or use a fancy computer font to play up the image of a royal event. Consider including: * A long red carpet leading into the ball room (check party rental suppliers) * Ballot boxes for voting for â€Å"Sweetest Princess,† â€Å"Most Dashing Prince,† â€Å"Most Fairytale-Like,† and â€Å"Most Romantic Couple. Award winners with party crowns. * A rose-covered arch or another pretty background for photo opportunities * Lots of sparkle in decorations, party favors, and lighting * Fun and fancy gold-trimmed signs on restroom doors, such as â€Å"Princess's Throne Room† and â€Å"Prince's Throne Room† * A real horse and carriage (preferably white) to take couples on romantic rides around the party area * Make a simple heart-shaped ice sculpture using a ice mold (sold on Amazon or in party supply stores).Display the ice sculpture among flowers as a main centerpiece. Depending on the location, budget and number of teenagers attending the royal event, food and drinks can be simple or extravagant. Ice water and heart-shaped cookies are very nice for a lower-budget event. If money is less of an issue, fill dessert tables with lovely and romantic treats like pretty chocolates and mini Valentine cupcakes. To add a bit of elegance and romance, line food platters with roses and/or add single roses in slim glass vases to the serving table.Offer sparkling cider or an elegant party punch to drink. If you get stuck for idea, watch the ballroom scene of the movie Cinderella (and maybe you'll end up having a Cinderel la themed party! ) Hugs and Kisses Theme – XOXO Valentine Party for Teens XOXO means hugs and kisses and works as an elegant or casual Valentine's dance theme. Hugs and kisses can be those of friendship, so this party theme need not be too mushy (unless mushy is what you want! ). Consider including: A photo spot with props like big huggable teddy bears, giant lips, big hearts and X's and O's * X and O shaped confetti sprinkled on tables * Small tic-tac-toe games printed on red paper (Get it? Tic- tac-toe = X and O? ) * Big X and O shapes, drawn with washable sidewalk chalk, on a concrete walkway, porch, or curb area to welcome guests * Hershey's chocolate Kisses and Hugs candies (with a sign that says â€Å"Get your Hugs and Kisses Here! â€Å") X and O letter shapes are easy to make, so there's no need to be especially artistic to make great decorations.Scrapbook and craft stores may carry large foam, wood, or cardboard shapes to use in party decor. Party colors for this t heme could be pink and white, red and white, black and white, black and silver or a combo of any other of these or other colors. Or who says you can't have a neon green and purple Valentine dance? Not me! Take this theme and run with the ideas for an awesome event all your own! More Fun Valentine Dance or Party Activities These ideas can be used at any Valentines dance, whether or not there is a theme. Flood the dance floor with balloons. With lots of balloons scattered all over the floor, spontaneous bopping and fun balloon fights will happen. * Set up a table where guests fill out kids valentines & â€Å"address† tiny envelopes. Include lots of cheap valentine cards with popular characters like Scooby-Doo, Hello Kitty and Snoopy. Make sure there are some fun stickers (which often come with valentines) and plenty of pens. Teens can write on the cards and give them to each other at the event.Listen for the laughs as stickers get stuck to guests cheeks, noses and clothes. * Fo r other teen Valentines ideas, see Valentine Craft Making Party or  Valentine Tea Party. Find even more Valentine ideas at We Love Valentines. Valentine's Day is Feb. 14, so mark your calendar and get planning! Resources Read more at Suite101:  Valentine Dance Party Ideas for Teens | Suite101  http://suite101. com/article/valentine-dance-party-ideas-for-teens-a335328#ixzz2K6lp3I00   Follow us:  @suite101 on Twitter  |  Suite101 on Facebook

Ch23+24 Apush Notes

AP US History Review Sheet – Chapters 23 and 241. In the Presidential election of 1868, U. S. Grant’s victory was due to the votes of former black slaves. 2. In the late 19th century, those political candidates who campaigned by ‘waiving the bloody shirt’ were reminding voters of the treasonous Confederate Democrats during the Civil War. 3. A weapon that was used to put Boss Tweed, leader of New York City’s infamous Tweed Ring, in jail was the cartoons of the political satirist Thomas Nast. 4.The Credit Mobilier scandal involved railroad construction kickbacks involving the Union Pacific Railroad. 5. One cause of the Panic of 1873 was the construction of more factories than the market could bear. 6. As a solution to the panic of 1873, debtors suggested inflationary policies. 7. One result of Republican ‘hard money’ policies was to help elect a Democratic House of Representatives in 1874, and later the creation of the Greenback Labor party. 8. During the Gilded Age, the Democrats and the Republicans had few significant economic differences. 9. The presidential elections of the 1870s and 1880s aroused great interest among voters. 10. One reason for the heavy turnouts and partisan fervor was the Gilded Age was sharp ethnic and cultural differences in the membership of the two parties. 11. During the Gilded Age, the lifeblood of both the Democratic and the Republican parties was political patronage. 12. The major problem in the 1876 presidential election centered on the two sets of election returns submitted by Florida, South Carolina, and Louisiana. 13. The Compromise of 1877 resulted the end Reconstruction, and the withdrawal of federal troops from the South. 14. The seque3nce of presidential terms of the ‘forgettable presidents’ of the Gilded Age (including Cleveland’s two non-consecutive terms) was Hayes, Garfield, Arthur, Cleveland, Benjamin Harrison, and Cleveland. 15. In the 1896 case of Plessy vs. Ferguson, the Supreme Court ruled that ‘separate but equal’ facilities were constitutional. 16. At the end of Reconstruction, Southern whites disenfranchised African-Americans with poll taxes (made illegal in federal elections via the 24th Amendment in 1964, and in state elections subsequent to that via Supreme Court ruling), literacy tests (made illegal by the Voting Rights Act of 1965), grandfather clauses (made illegal by Supreme Court decision in 1915), and economic intimidation. 17. The legal codes that established the system of segregation were called Jim Crow laws. Jim Crow was the name of a character in a minstrel show. 18.The railroad strike of 1877 started when the four largest railroads cut salaries by ten percent. 19. Labor unrest in the 1870s and 1880s resulted in the use of federal troops during strikes. 20. In the wake of anti-Chinese violence in California, the U. S. Congress passed a law prohibiting immigration of Chinese laborers to American (the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882. ) 21. One of the main reasons that the Chinese came to the U. S was to dig for gold. 22. Abraham Lincoln was the first president to be assassinated while in office; the second was James Garfield. The third was William McKinley, and the fourth and last was JFK.23. President James A. Garfield was assassinated by a deranged, disappointed office seeker.24. The Pendleton Act required appointees to public office to take a competitive examination, and outlawed the requirement that federal workers contribute to election campaigns.25. With the passage of the Pendleton Act, politicians now sought money from big corporations.26. The 1884 election contest between James G. Blaine and Grover Cleveland was noted for its personal attacks on the two candidates.27. U. S. Grant, Rutherford B. Hayes, James Garfield, and Chester Arthur were all Republicans. Grover Cleveland was a Democrat. Cleveland and Wilson would be the only Democrats elected between 1860 and 1928.28. On the issue of the tariff, President Grover Cleveland advocated a lower rate.29. The major campaign issue of the 1888 presidential election was tariff policy. 30. In the later decades of the 19th century, it was generally true that the locus of political power was Congress.31.The early Populist campaign to create a coalition of white and black farmers ended a racist backlash that eliminated black voting in the South.32. The political developments of the 1890s were largely shaped by the most severe and extended economic depression up to that time.33. Economic unrest and the repeal of the Sherman Silver Purchase Act led to the rise of a pro-silver leader – a charismatic young Congressman from Nebraska – William Jennings Bryan.34. President Grover Cleveland aroused wide-spread public anger by his action of borrowing $65 million in gold from J. P. Morgan’s banking syndicate.35. During the Gilded Age, most of the railroad barons built their railroads with government assistance.36. The national government helped to finance transcontinental railroad construction in the late nineteent h century by providing railroad corporations with land grants.37. The only transcontinental railroad built without government aid was the Great Northern.38. The greatest single factor helping to spur the amazing industrialization of the post-Civil War years was the railroad network.39. The U. S. hanged to standard time zones when the major rail lines established the division of the continent into four zones so that they could keep schedules and avoid wrecks.40. Agreements between railroad corporations to divide the business in a given area and share the profits were called pools.41. Efforts to regulate the monopolizing practices of railroad corporations first came in the form of action by state legislatures.42. The first federal regulatory agency designed to protect the public interest from business combinations was the Interstate Commerce Commission.43. One of the most significant aspects of the Interstate Commerce Act was that it represented the first large-scale attempt by the fe deral government to regulate business.44. After the Civil War, the plentiful supply of unskilled labor in the U. S. helped to build the nation into an industrial giant.45. One of the methods by which post-Civil War business leaders increased their profits was elimination of as much competition as possible.46. Carnegie – steel; Rockefeller – oil; Morgan – banking; Duke – tobacco; Vanderbilt – railroads.47.The steel industry owed much to the inventive genius of Henry Bessemer (the Bessemer Process, which made it possible to make a better grade of steel, at a better price. )48. J. P. Morgan monitored his competition by placing officers of his bank on the boards of companies that he wanted to control. This method was known as an interlocking directorate.49. America’s first billion-dollar corporation was United States Steel.50. The first major product of the oil industry was kerosene.51. The oil industry became a huge business with the invention of the internal combustion engine.52. John D. Rockefeller used the following tactics to achieve success in the oil industry – extorting rebates from railroads, pursing a policy of rule or ruin, employing spies, and using high-pressure sales methods.53. The gospel of wealth, which associated godliness with wealth, discouraged efforts to help the poor.54. The Fourteenth Amendment was especially helpful to giant corporations when defending themselves against regulation by state governments.55. The Sherman Anti-trust Act was at first primarily used to curb the power of labor unions.56.During the age of industrialization, the South remained overwhelmingly rural and agricultural.57. In the late 19th century, tax benefits and cheap, nonunion labor attracted textile manufacturing to the â€Å"new South. †58. The group most effected by the new industrial age was women. 59. The image of the â€Å"Gibson Girl† represented an independent and athletic â€Å"new woman. †60. Generally, the Supreme Court in the late nineteenth century interpreted the Constitution in such a way as to favor corporations.61. In its efforts on behalf of workers, the National Labor Union won an eight-hour workday for government workers.62. The Knights of Labor believed that conflict between capital and labor would disappear when labor would operate business and industries.63. The most effective and most enduring labor union of the post-Civil War period was the American Federation of Labor.64. By 1900, American attitudes toward labor began to change as the public came to recognize the right of workers to bargain collectively and strike. Nevertheless, the vast majority of employers continued to fight organized labor.65. By 1900, organized labor in America had begun to develop a positive image with the public.66. Historians critical of the captains of industry and capitalism concede that class-based protest has never been a powerful force in the U. S. because America has g reater social mobility than Europe has.67. The following were important factors in post-Civil War industrial expansion: a political climate favoring business; a large pool of unskilled labor; an abundance of natural resources; and American ingenuity and inventiveness.68. The first transcontinental railroad was completed by the construction efforts of the Union Pacific and the Central Pacific railroads.