Building Information Modeling (BIM) For Sustainable Design Dissertation

Building Information Modeling (BIM) For Sustainable Design - Dissertation Example Introduction 29 5.2. Kiowa County School, Greensburg, Kansas 29 6. Results and Discussion 33 7. References 37 Building Information Modeling for Sustainable Design 1. Chapter One: Introduction 1.1. Impact of Building Construction on Environment Building construction is one of the oldest human activities on the earth. The proverb â€Å"necessity is the mother of invention† probably evoked in human talent for creating a controlled environment in order to moderate the effects of climate. Human beings constructed shelters to adapt themselves to a wide variety of climates (Encyclopedia of Britannica, n.d.). This is how emerged a new activity, which is called building construction. Centuries of development have established three principal characteristics of building construction; design, material, and comfort. The history of evolution of building construction has marked number of trends that are associated with these characteristics. Among them are search for increasing durability of building materials, quest for providing greater height and span to the construction, implementation of innovative approaches to increase the degrees of control over the interior environment of the building as well as the use of more robust machineries in construction (Encyclopedia of Britannica, n.d.). The present state of building construction is the result of many evolutionary processes like agrarian, industrial, and digital. In the process of evolution, the design process of building construction became more and more complicated. At the same time, this process also created a broad range of building products that are categorized according to the building types and markets. Today’s building construction process involves professionals like building product manufacturers, craftsmen, contractors, coordinators, specialized consultants, and quality control personnel. This complex integrated process represents the largest industry in the world. According to United States Environm ental Protection Agency (EPA), in the USA this industry in 2002 consisted of 223,114 establishments representing more than $531 billion in annual revenues. It is no doubt that this complex process provides countless benefit to the society, however; at the same it uses a vast amount of resources. Worldwide construction activities consume three billion tons of raw materials each year; it is 60% of total global use (Dixon, 2010; Ahmed, 2010). Loss of agricultural land to the building is 80% (Dixon, 2010). Total land area in the USA is 2.3 billion acres; urban land area from 1945 to 2002 quadrupled against twofold population growth over the same period (United States Energy Protection Agency, 2009). During the time of 1997 to 2002, rural land use for residential purposes increased by 29% (United States Energy Protection Agency, 2009); no other industry uses more material worldwide than the construction industry (Ahmed, 2010). Per Australian Bureau of statistics building and construction industries use 55% of timber, 27% of plastic products and 12% of iron and steel (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2003). Building construction industry on one side consumes enormous natural resources, and on the other side it gives to nature heat and pollution, construction waste, solid waste, sewage and surface drainage. According to EPA (United States Energy Protection Agency, 2009), buildings in the United States produces 38.9% of the nation’s total carbon dioxide emissions; 20.8% from the residential sector and 18.1% from the commercial sector. According to

National and International Perspectives on Health (Mental Health Essay

National and International Perspectives on Health (Mental Health Nursing) - Essay Example The symptoms are sometimes responsible for major psychological and social problems especial at work and in relationships. If the disorder is left unattended, it may lead to serious mental conditions that may result into the death of victims. In the U.K for instance, the country has properly established intervention mechanisms that ensure children and other people suffering from this disorder are diagnosed and treated effectively. On the other hand, Sri Lanka has had to battle with this order for a very long time.This has been brought about by the country’s inferior structures and response to these problems and others related to it. Many children that have suffered this condition in Sri Lanka have ended up with serious mental problems compared to the United Kingdom and other countries where there are clearly defined systems and structures to address the problem. This paper examines the prevalence of PTSD and the impacts it has had to children in Sri Lanka and the United Kingdom. It compares how intervention mechanisms have been adopted in the two countries, including the future of mental health nursing as far as PTSD is concerned in the United Kingdom Sri Lanka has been on the path of recovery after having endured a 30 year period of armed conflict that has affected not only the economy of the country, but also has caused serious Post Traumatic Stress Disorders in children and other people in its population (Abeyasinghe 2012, 376). It is estimated that over 100, 000 of the country’s army were involved in various types of direct and indirect combat. The experiences during that time were hostile and pathetic; they included screams from all over, handling decomposing bodies of people among others. The trauma from the war is said to have led to serious psychological problems among the children and adults at large. The Sri Lankan government has responded to the increasing

David Gauthiers Answer to Why Be Moral :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

David Gauthier's Answer to Why Be Moral ABSTRACT: In this paper I argue that David Gauthier’s answer to the Why be moral? question fails. My argument concedes the possibility of constrained maximization in all the senses Gauthier intends and does not rely on the claim that it is better to masquerade as a constrained maximizer than to be one. Instead, I argue that once a constrained maximizer in the guise of "economic man" is transformed through an affective commitment to morality into a constrained maximizer in the guise of the "liberal individual," then a purely rational justification for morality must become invisible to the latter. If I can show this, then I can show that rational justification can have no motivational power for the "liberal individual" and that Gauthier fails to answer the problem of moral motivation. I begin by making what I take to be a crucial distinction. This distinction separates two levels at which a contract theory may operate. At the first level the contractarian theory is directed at the question of moral motivation. That is, it takes the idea of agreement to be the source of motivation to be or become moral. The agreement thus serves to bring into the moral domain agents who, prior to the agreement, were not moral agents. At the second level the contractarian theory is directed at the question of the content and justification of our most general normative principles and values. That is, it takes the idea of agreement to be the source of both content and justification. For convenience I will describe a theory which is contractarian at both levels as complete, and a theory which is contractarian at only one level as partial. The problem of moral motivation, when understood as a problem of enticing non-moral agents into the moral domain, is a specific problem only for a contractarian theory which is complete or which is partial at level one. A contractarianism which is partial at level two has no special obligations, qua contractarian theory, to answer the Why be moral? question. In other words, such a theory does not offer, and does not aim at offering, a contractarian answer to the Why be moral? question since it is not concerned with moral-non-moral distinction. The early Rawls (1971) and Gauthier (1975,1986) both offer complete theories, while the later Rawls (1980) and Thomas Scanlon (1982) offer theories which are partial at level two (I will drop the ‘at level two': this can be assumed unless I indicate otherwise).

Modern Gadgets

In the software industry, â€Å"Gadget† refers to computer programs that provide services without needing an independent application to be launched for each one, but instead run in an environment that manages multiple gadgets. There are several implementations based on existing software development techniques, like JavaScript, form input, and various image formats. The origins of the word â€Å"gadget† trace back to the 19th century.According to the Oxford English Dictionary, there is anecdotal evidence for the use of â€Å"gadget† as a placeholder name for a technical item whose precise name one can't remember since the 1850s; with Robert Brown's 1886 book Spunyarn and Spindrift, A sailor boy’s log of a voyage out and home in a China tea-clipper containing the earliest known usage in print. The etymology of the word is disputed.A widely circulated story holds that the word gadget was â€Å"invented† when Gaget, Gauthier & Cie, the company behind th e repousse construction of the Statue of Liberty (1886), made a  small-scale version of the monument and named it after their firm; however this contradicts the evidence that the word was already used before in nautical circles, and the fact that it did not become popular, at least in the USA, until after World War I. Other sources cite a derivation from the French gachette which has been applied to various pieces of a firing mechanism, or the Frenchgagee, a small tool or accessory. There are a lot Using gadget like computer, hand phones, tablet, play station, laptop etc can change us socially

The Plague Of The 19th Century - 926 Words

The plague that struck Europe and Asia in the 14th century was undoubtedly the most devastating disease or natural disaster the world ever faced. The Bubonic Plague or Black Death killed an estimated 25 million people from 1347 to 1352 in Europe, which accounted for one third of Europe’s population.-1 Historians believed that the Plague started in Asia and then spread to Europe. The plague lasted for five devastating years, but it’s wrath did not end in 1352. The Plague would reappear through the later centuries, including the Great Plague of London around 1656 in which 20% of London residents died.-2 Although some of the later breakouts of the Plague decimated populations, this paper will primarily focus on the Plague from the 1300s. More specifically, this paper will address the origins of the Plague, its biology, the symptoms of the Plague, where it was most devastating, how it was transmitted, and how it stopped. During this period of time, many myths about t he plague arose, and who or what was to blame for it. There were also many unanswered questions, why some regions were susceptible and others were not. Scientific information about the plague did not exist at the time, but some recent excavations and research have brought new insight into the plague. The plague that crippled Europe in the 14th century was not the first time the plague surfaced. A huge plague epidemic appeared in the 6th century in Egypt and it struck Constantinople and then moved westShow MoreRelatedThe Plague Of Athens By The Bacterium Yersina Pestis773 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Plague  is an infectious disease that is caused by the bacterium Yersina pestis. Depending on lung infection, or sanitary conditions, plague can be spread in the air, by direct contact, or very rarely by contaminated undercooked food. The symptoms of plague depend on the concentrated areas of infection in each person: bubonic plague  in lymph nodes,  septicemic plague  in blood vessels, pneumonic plague  in lungs. It is treatable if detected early. Plague is still  relatively common  in someRead MoreSocial and Economic Effects of the Plague on Medieval Islam Societies1237 Words   |  5 PagesThe Bubonic Plague, known more commonly as the Black Death, was a fatal disease that ravaged Asia and Europe during the mid-14th century. Although the destruction the Plague brought upon Europe in terms of deaths was enormous, the Islamic world arguably suffered more due to the fact that plague epidemics continually returned to the Islamic world up until the 19th century. The recu rrence of the disease caused Muslim populations to never recover from the losses suffered and a resulting demographicRead MoreThe Social Conditions Of The 19th Century Essay1320 Words   |  6 PagesImagine living in the 19th century while the world is experiencing major social and economic changes following the French and Industrial Revolutions. These world changing events are mostly causing plagues for the working class. These 19th century conditions cause the people to revolt against the social reforms of the existing world and reveal the need for a new social structure. The newly emerging Industrial revolution results in a shift within economic classes, which are the bourgeoisie and proletariatRead MoreThe Death Of The Plague1532 Words   |  7 Pages Fourteenth century western Europe— already plagued by overpopulation, economic depression, famine, and malnutrition, plummeted into an unprecedented scope of devastation as the bubonic plague annihilated two-fifths of its population. Coined the Black Death in reference to its symptomatic bodily discoloration, the pandemic’s ability to wipe out such a tremendous population is indicative of susceptibility before tragedy even struck. From 1000 to 1300, Europe’s population problematically doubled-Read MoreIn The 1300S, Europe Was Thriving With New Innovations956 Words   |  4 Pagesinfectious disease was spreading through the streets of Europe. Approximately, 20 million people died in Europe from the plague, which is roughly around one-third of the population (â€Å"Black Plague†). The Black Plague affected European civilization and how European society viewed the world. The renaissance is a prime example of how the Black Plague affected Europe. The Black Plague helped influence people to focus on themselves, which led to the expansion of interest to get a higher education. In OctoberRead More Black Death Essay1184 Words   |  5 Pagesoutbreak of bubonic plague that struck Europe and the Mediterranean area from 1347 through 1351. It was the first of a cycle of European plague epidemics that continued until the early 18th century. A cycle of ancient plagues had preceded these plagues between the 6th and 8th centuries AD; another cycle of modern followed them, but less deadly, plagues that began in the late 19th century and continue in the 20th century. The term quot;Black Deathquot; was not used to refer to the plagues of 1347 throughRead MoreAnne Hardy s Article, Eugenics, Public Health, And The Urban Animal Economy922 Words   |  4 Pages In the eighteenth century, relations amongst food and the state grew stronger, ranging from farmer wages to the amount of food that is produced. However, Anne Hardy’s article, Pioneers in the Victorian provinces: veterinarians, public health, and the urban animal economy speaks about the increased attentio n to public health in the United Kingdom bolstered the relationship between food and the state. The emergence of the veterinarians, several acts being passed regarding public health, and studiesRead MoreThe Vampire Is An Embodiment Of Society s Deepest Fears1382 Words   |  6 Pagesnineteen-fifties post-apocalyptic novel, emphasises the dangers of a world ravaged by environmental destruction. The wasteland, that was once earth, becomes populated by animalistic, brutal vampires that have been created as a result of an environmental plague. Finally, Twilight is a teen-angst novel written by Stephenie Meyer in 2005 and adapted into a movie of the same name in 2008. In a day and age where more people have begun to adopt humanitarian views, society has put a strong emphasis on rehabilitationRead MoreAnalysis Of Ring Around The Rosie 879 Words   |  4 Pagessignify the Black Death is that when it said â€Å"ashes† it means that person has died and is cremated after they die fr om the bubonic plague. To explain this further, it is saying that this song is signifying the natural stages of the Black Death and what happens to that person. To talk about that more it is saying this song has a lot of similarities between the bubonic plague and it is hard to ignore it because it so closely resembles this nursery rhyme. The meaning and the origin of this nursery rhymeRead MoreThe Bubonic Plague Essay1463 Words   |  6 PagesThe Bubonic Plague Introduction Plague, was a term that was applied in the Middle Ages to all fatal epidemic diseases, but now it is only applied to an acute, infectious, contagious disease of rodents and humans, caused by a short, thin, gram-negative bacillus. In humans, plague occurs in three forms: bubonic plague, pneumonic plague, and septicemic plague. The best known form is the bubonic plague and it is named after buboes, or enlarged, inflamed lymph nodes, which are characteristics

Why The Creative Accounting Is Important Factors Essay

Financial reports are one of the most important factors on evaluating whether an organisation has met its objectives and goals, and also has satisfied its directors, lenders, and other stakeholders. Although the relevant accounting and financial standards, regulations, and frameworks are established for the fair and reliable presentation of financial reports, there are still fraud issues from manipulating financial information. Due to the recent global economic crisis, corporates tend to use creative accounting to maximise their profit and financial performance, and it seems to result in some serious financial frauds. A lot of questions come up with this creative accounting technique as well as the relation to corporate governance and frauds. It obviously has some negative results from inappropriate use of creative accounting but, on the other hand, it could be useful to present a company’s interests better within laws and regulations. This essay will elaborate what the creati ve accounting is, why companies use this accounting method, both positive and negative views of using creative accounting with appropriate examples and cases, and possible recommendations to improve the accounting standards and systems. Firstly the definition of creative accounting and how corporate governance and fraud are connected to creative accounting should be discussed. Creative accounting defines that a company uses the accounting knowledge to distort the financial figures but by followingShow MoreRelatedReview of Shah, A. K., (1998) Exploring the influences and constraints on creative accounting in the United Kingdom, European Accounting Review, 7 (1): 83-104.1033 Words   |  5 PagesIn recent years, the practice of creative accounting by the management of large listed corporation in the UK has received increasingly more attention and allegations, especially from key financial information users. Supported by significant evidence of the practice of creative accounting, it is largely believed that such practices misrepresent the underlying reported financial performance of firms, instantaneously conflicts key core aims of accounting – to provide consistent and comparable informationRead MoreRevenue R ecognition Problems in the Communications Equipment Industry1322 Words   |  6 Pageswould be adjusted downwards by $679 million as a result of revenue recognition problems. Yet the firms market capitalization plummeted by $24.7 billion. Why do you think the market reacted so negatively to Lucents announcements of the problems? There is usually a grey zone between aggressive accounting, which is the use of legitimate accounting methods to achieve business purposes, and fraudulent financial reporting, which is the intentional misrepresentation of financial information for businessRead MoreLernout Hauspie Essay1187 Words   |  5 Pagesfraudulent accounting practices? The unique characteristics in LH that made it prone to engage in fraudulent accounting practices were the rapid expansion and acquisition of companies beyond their boundaries, and the inability to oversee these operations. Another important factor that stands out is the lack of ethical values portrayed by the founders of LH. The top management did not set code of ethics, but instead wanted to maximize their future software value. Mr. Hauspie’s creative but legallyRead MoreThe Most Important Aspects Of The Profession Of Cpas1495 Words   |  6 PagesThe accounting profession is considered a very important element in the business world and the economic world. This profession is performed by the certified public accountant (CPA). After passing the state’s exam and meeting the additional experience requirement you will get a CPA license. Based on the article of â€Å"CPA Horizons 2025† we are going to identify the four influential factors in the profession of CPAs, which are: Pre-certification and lifelong learning, pride in the profession, value propositionRead MoreOrganizational Management Approach Analysis At High Plain Mechanical Service Inc.1737 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Æ' Organizational Management Approach Analysis There are many articles, books, and research on the subject of changes in organizational management. They discuss how, why and what management is and was in organizations. The history of what management was in past is an important subject to study, as it tells what worked and what did not work. This paper will compare the classical and neoclassical approaches of management to what is used at High Plain Mechanical Service Inc. (HPM). This analysis paperRead MorePhar-Mor: Case Study1439 Words   |  6 Pages1990’s. It was founded by Mickey Monus, a gambler in nature, who with the help of senior management was â€Å"cooking the books† for years to cover up his loses. The reason why senior management agreed to do this fraud is the belief in unique ability of their leader to fix everything later on. This case is known as one of the biggest accounting frauds in the corporate history of the U.S. This paper will analyze who was affected by this fraud, the motives behind it a nd what systems of control failed to preventRead MoreSatyam Case1707 Words   |  7 Pagesthe earnings management techniques employed by the management of Satyam. Earning management or creative accounting is referred to the manipulation or misrepresentation of the company’s financial earnings in order to achieve stable and positive financial position. This was achieve through directly or indirectly use of the accounting methods. Even though the manipulation may follow all the accounting standards and laws, they may go opposite of what the standards and laws were originally trying toRead MoreMarketing Management, Promotions, And Marketing Manager Essay1056 Words   |  5 Pagesinteresting to see that the projections show women obtaining more of these jobs in the future. Marketing managers are often sought out to help improve the market share for a business (â€Å"Marketing Manager Career Outlook and Salary,† n.d.). This is why the projections are deemed to be a positive one for those seeking careers in the marketing field. It is predicted that the largest percentage of growth is going to come from Internet marketing. The big one is in social media marketing. ThereforeRead MoreEssay about External Auditors Must be Independent1154 Words   |  5 Pagesof its auditor, Arthur Andersen became one the most popular accounting scandal where it is still being talked about even after a decade has passed. Following this scandal, other massive organizations like WorldCom (2002), AIG (2004), and Satyam Computer Services (2009) shared the same fate. Since then, there have been questions being asked on the issue of the independence of auditors being one of the major contributors to these accounting scandals. Firstly, it’ll be good to know the definition ofRead MoreHrm 533 Total Rewards1633 Words   |  7 Pagescan improve the overall competitive compensation strategy of the organization. A competitive organization understands the need for a skilled and loyal workforce. In order to attract and retain top talent, many organizations offer innovative and creative employee benefit packages. It enhances an attractive salary and creates a niche for the employer. An organization that is aware of the dynamics of its workforce will be in step with the innovations in employee benefits. Technology, global workforces

The, No And No Alone Is Not Satisfactory Essay - 860 Words

Answer each question using a few sentences. â€Å"Yes† or â€Å"no† alone is not satisfactory. Use endnotes to credit your sources. 1. What was happening in the US and the Caribbean when this cartoon was made that was relevant to this cartoon? †¢ In 1902 when this cartoon was made the United States was trying to increase its power by influencing and controlling the people of the Caribbean. In 1898 when the Spanish American war ended the Spanish ceded the Philippines, Cuba and several other colonies to the United States. In 1902, â€Å"Cuba became â€Å"independent†, but, according to the Platt Amendment of 1901, was under US protection.† â€Å"American officials forced Cubans to accept a protectorate in 1902, which granted Washington rights to the naval base at Guantanamo Bay and gave the US firms a privileged position in the island’s sugar industry.† However, in the Philippines â€Å"In 1898, tensions developed between the U.S. and the Filipinos. The American government decided to keep the Philippines as a colony, thereby denying independence to the Filipino people.† From 1899-1902 the Filipinos fought for their independence and went to war against the US. 2. How does cartoonist Grant Hamilton’s depiction of the US as Uncle Sam rather than as Colombia or Lady Liberty give you a different ‘feeling’ about the US? †¢ I believe that Uncle Sam was used because Uncle Sam represents patriotism and the American government’s power. I feel that he represents a feeling of national pride, including ethnic,Show MoreRelatedExplain What Is A Code Of Conduct And Provide An Example Relevant To Working With Groups In Community Services1028 Words   |  5 Pagesrelationship as to keep confidentiality in check and to also have written evidence of this occurring. There may also be a possible dismissal of the youth worker and the member of the group if there is evident behaviour assessments created etc. Satisfactory YES NO 5. What is a code of conduct and provide an example relevant to working with groups in Community Services? A code of conduct is where practice guidelines are outlined, so all workers can follow and conduct and promote professional practiceRead MoreSexuality And Its Effects On Children Essay1429 Words   |  6 Pagesmeaning of â€Å"I am young but not idot† (eS toku gw ij uknku ugh) but I want to know much more in this matter â€Å". Aditi is not the only child to have such questions about sexuality; the girls of her age do possess such inquisitive feelings. Only few get satisfactory replies to their question on this matter. However, in today’s scientific age, where open discussion on this subject is considered to be inferiority and reading books, magazines, periodicals on sexuality is termed as immoral where shall these girlsRead MoreMy Five Part Transformational Process Activity1219 Words   |  5 Pagesleader know there’s a problem, but turn a blind eye. 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Perhaps among all typ es of organizations which impactRead MoreInto the Wild Essay1026 Words   |  5 Pagesday is an opportunity that you should take advantage of instead of living life in the same way because there is no point or reason to living that way. S.O.S. I need your help. I am injured, near death, and too weak to hike out of here. I am all alone, this is no joke. In the name of God, please remain to save me. I am out collecting berries and shall return this evening. Thank you, Chris McCandless. August ? (pg. 12) – Chris McCandless I wanted to reflect on this quote because it’s not yourRead MoreMr. Gotcher s Plan And Rules This Reporting Period1372 Words   |  6 Pagesothers have been unable to work. Mr. Gotcher continues to work through the Foot Prints treatment workbook and his progress is considered satisfactory. Update 4.11.17: Mr. Gotcher continues to work through the Foot Prints treatment workbook and is currently on chapter 5. His progress is considered good. Mr. Gotcher’s progress in treatment considered satisfactory at this time. Areas of concern: There have been no major areas of concern this reporting period. Mr. Gotcher has not had any incidentsRead MoreCompare and Contrast the Similarities and the Differences Between Dogs and Cats.787 Words   |  4 Pagesa solitary creature, hunting alone. Paragraph 3: the second difference is that dogs are generally smarter than cats. + Their owner can train the dogs to do tricks when commands in a short time, conversely people have to whether spend a lot of time to train cats or cannot. +People can train the dogs a lot of things, unlike cats. Paragraph 4: Finally, the remarkable difference is that the dog is more loyal than the cat. + Dogs will never leave their owner alone with dangers; instead of thatRead MoreHuman Rights : Universal Rights1679 Words   |  7 Pagesknows all of the rights that they truly have. The rights we have consist of many things such as the right of having an adequate food supply. The right to adequate food is both a human and legal right and â€Å"is realized when every man, woman and child, alone and in community with others, has physical and economic access at all times to adequate food or means for its procurement† (Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Comment 12). George Kent discusses the meaning of these rights in regardsRead MoreTeaching And Quality Of Teaching872 Words   |  4 Pagesillustrated table: Primary Secondary Excellent 1 (1.1%) 3 (5.9%) Very Good 19 (21.8) 5 (9.8%) Good 38 (43.7) 21 (41.2%) Satisfactory 24 (27.6%) 17 (33.3%) Unsatisfactory 5 (5.7%) 5 (9.8%) As this research shows done by Ofsted , the teaching and support In both primary and secondary lessons, the quality of teaching and support was not judged to be satisfactory, the teachers were either ‘inadequately aware’ of or failed to ‘take sufficient account of the learning difficulties of theRead MoreWe Need a Huge Turn Around in the US Educational System Essay1351 Words   |  6 Pagesthought has surfaced to challenge the need for teacher tenure in the 21th century or thereafter. Tenure should not be abolished but the requirements for a teacher to earn tenure should be reformed because tenure awards teachers who perform above satisfactory work, it prevents bad teachers from receiving a good deal, and secures good teachers in public schools. Tenure should be served as a reward to teachers that work hard, and produce excellent results when evaluated on their skill. â€Å"Teachers say